You can use the cufflinks cleaner sold on the market

The center of the crystal surface are relatively raised was surface and crystal edges bent the arc of the crystal was known as the convex crystal. All convex crystal by geometric polyhedron tend to be a transitional form of the spherical body. Figure 1-1-23 (a) shows the diamond rhombic dodecahedron convex crystal. You can use the cufflinks cleaner sold on the market. Convex crystal will again be dissolved due to the formation of crystals formed, as in the horns and crystal edges of the particle free energy higher than in the crystal surface by the large horns and crystal edge parts of the solvent contact probability, therefore, their dissolution rate was faster than the center of the crystal surface.
    Refers to the overall presentation of the curved shape of the crystal. The difference is that of the curved crystal with convex crystal: convex crystal faces are bulging, curved crystal side of the crystal faces were protruding, on the contrary side of the crystal face recurve As shown in the dolomite saddle-shaped curved crystal, as shown in Figure 1-1-23 (b). Dip the cufflinks in soap and warm water.  Crystal surface constituted by a series of so-called proximal straight stripes, stripes known as the crystal surface. Stripes of the crystal surface crystal formation during the growth process, can be seen in many crystals. Such as quartz crystal cylinder, often with stripes; tourmaline crystal cylinder. Is often with vertical lines (see Figure 1-1-24 (a)); cube crystal face of pyrite often striped, three pairs of parallel crystal planes perpendicular stripe directions.
Crystal plane stripes adjacent surface were thin strip with the main crystal appear before ladder iterative growth caused by the so-called adjacent surface is some minor crystal surface in the crystal, with the main crystal faces of a small angle difference and the main crystal faces belonging to different simplex. Wipe the cufflinks gently with a soft cloth. As stripes of α-quartz crystal surface is the surface stripes of alternating pyrite crystal growth and the formation of the hexagonal prism and rhombohedron narrow crystal surface by the growth of cube and pentagonal dodecahedron of two single-crystal surface interaction to form the.
    In addition to the crystal surface stripes, the crystal surface during the growth process can also be left behind by the growth layers, the spiral pattern and growth of Confucius and other surface features. In addition, after the formation of crystals subjected to corrosion will be formed in the crystal surface pitting (corrosion pits), the shape of the pits, side. And distribution of the internal particle arrangement of control, reflect the crystal symmetry, it can be used as a basis for the identification of crystals of the original stone. Such as the diamond surface such as an equilateral triangle pits. The crystallization habit of the mineral is generally present crystal form, it consists of two aspects. For platinum cufflinks inlaid with precious stones, they need to be cleaned for once every six months.
    First, the simplex of the same kind of crystals are accustomed to see. A crystal often has its own crystal habit, and that the crystals often show one or a several-simplex. For example, the spinel learning to see a single shaped octahedral fluorite in igneous rocks and pegmatites, often has octahedral, high. The formation of the mesothermal often has rhombic dodecahedron, the formation of epithermal the Changcheng cube. There were any invisible scratches on the cufflinks to the naked eye, or a layer of natural oxide. Second, the proportion of crystals in three-dimensional extension. Crystal is extended in three-dimensional space can be broadly divided into three types: The three equal length, refers to the degree of development of the crystal in the three-dimensional space is basically the same, showing a granular or equiaxed, such as garnet.

Now the cufflinksof greater value in a large part belonged to the works of that era

Coral hardness of 3.5, is relatively soft, but very tough, can be easily processed with a knife or a file or in the rotation of the lathe. Raw coral material is dull shiny, almost polished shiny glass. The coral color of red, pink, white and black four. Most white color like milk. Their prices due to high-end cufflinks had greatly improved. It made the ornaments worn on the sea-blue summer, if people can feel the breeze of the tropical sea breeze. Almost purple, red coral and pink, the latter in Europe and America have always loved to call it as "angel face". Also, a black coral from the southeast coast of Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands. In addition, there is a blue coral is produced in Africa, but has basically disappeared. Of our people and the people of Japan and Southeast Asian countries are more like to wear coral jewelry.
 In China, the emperors, as the coral for the mascot, and often carved into a variety of decorations to watch. Forbidden City in Beijing, there are many red coral carved decorations and full of ornamental value. The ancient Persians, also coral reef as a auspicious thing of evil, often to the children wear. Coral's largest producing countries are Japan, the output ranked first in the world. China's South China Sea have produced. Now the cufflinksof greater value in a large part belonged to the works of that era.  Other places of origin in Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco. Many coral species, colorful, and some like the clouds of the rural ball; and some may Lingshuang chrysanthemums; some Maoruo the cedar; some shaped like antlers. Some coral Jiaocui, the corner of the branch stubble off some hard texture.
Beautiful color and elegant posture, because the coral has always been not only to the embellishment of his study and studio but he had been carved into a variety of jewelry products, won the people's treasure. Buy coral to pay attention to three points, to be a uniform color, two color Hongyan, the more red the more precious, than the third major, the heavier the better. Coral rare confused cufflinks raw materials and other precious stones, because of its unique appearance, structure and shape, making it easy to identify. Although the early found traces of cufflinks, the attempt to develop the application of cufflinks had not stopped until the emergence of the French cuffs (also known as double cuffs) in mid-nineteenth. Completely different coral appearance somewhat similar to the color shell pearl, shell pearl's luster a certain direction, low magnification, showing an extremely like a flame graphics.
 Refined into a counterfeit white coral white beads with shell pearl shell, can be used to identify sub-band trend parallel to the growth of structure and its pink shells. Other identification features of the coral is a small, shallow circular pit, which is the growth of parts of the individual coral. The small pits caused by some perforated marine life may also exist. Imitation coral surrogate celluloid, wood, and sealing wax, which is not unique appearance of a coral. The celluloid issued camphor odor when heated, wood can be used fingernail scratch, exposure to the artificial surface of the wood structure, under a magnifying glass, sealing wax was the appearance of the stream seemed to be glass. All natural and man-made materials are used in the cufflinks.  If necessary, hydrochloric acid available to identify these alternative things, because no one will work with the hydrochloric acid in them. Conversely, coral, shell pearl, shell pearl shell reacts with the hydrochloric acid.
Basic characteristics of ivory and its identification methods; Ivory jewelry oily white, elegant aloof, a large number of people loved. Since ancient times, ivory was used for the production and beautiful decorative items. Been described in the ancient city of ruins and relics have been found in ivory carving. Ivory like the mouth on both sides of the two large teeth, mainly produced in Africa and Asia. The teeth of the elephant is a hard tissue embedded in the jaw. From the precious metals, precious stones, pearls, and ivory to the ceramic, resin and celluloid can all be used to make cufflinks. The external layer of enamel is mainly composed by calcium phosphate, hardness, and the other containing the elastin protein, so have a good elasticity and shine.

This elegant cufflinks become the objects of worship by the yuppie men

If you suspect that a mixture of synthetic spinel, the easiest method is to immerse the entire piece of jewelry diiodomethane, due to a refractive index of methyl iodide and synthetic spinel very approximate the jewelery immersion artificial spinel opinion, seems to disappear, while the real diamond in the liquid is extremely obvious. This method is also particularly used to quickly distinguish between a large number of scattered particles gemstone cufflinks. Due to the fine workmanship and precious materials, the cufflinks as good as jewelry will be careful to be collected while they are used. Diiodomethane, available water instead. The outline of the synthetic spinel in the water become blurred, while the real diamond is extremely clear. Points has considerable experience in areas of red spinel and ruby cufflinks to the naked eye to identify.
Spinel have better transparency, but the lower refractive index than the ruby cufflinks, has been pondering head than ruby cufflinks, uniform color, do not have the pleochroism characteristic pleochroism of ruby cufflinks, the naked eye Able to recognize, and often hexagonal ribbon. Red the Han spar with red garnet is the difference between the refractive index of red garnet is generally higher than the upper limit of the red spinel, no fluorescence under ultraviolet light. There is no nobility in this era, so let this elegant cufflinks become the objects of worship by the yuppie men.
Beautiful, transparent crystal, crystal give the impression that the deep and good impression. Ancient China, said crystal water fine, Shuiyu Millennium ice. book reads: "Undine pass for this crystal. Ancient name Shuiyu. Mountains and Seas, often tribunal Hill Shuiyu GuoPu Note said Shuiyu Undine". This is the source of the name of Crystal. Crystal hardness, hardness (H) 7. The specific gravity of about 2.65. The melting point of 1713 ℃. Fracture conchoidal, was the oil sheen. Crystal mask shiny glass. The crystal is a hexagonal system, often has a beautiful columnar crystals produced in the geode. cufflinks, though small, can have ever-changing style, in addition to the traditional round and square. Natural crystal in addition to impurities containing inclusions. Inclusions, gaseous, liquid and solid.
Solid inclusions of mica, tourmaline, hornblende, actinolite, asbestos, feldspar, rutile, fluorite, garnet, etc.. Occasionally see in the crystal beautiful golden red hair crystal, was hailed as Venus hair, this crystal is very precious and rare. Sometimes contain asbestos and other conditions such as scratching inclusions in the crystal, the formation of the flash, and color-changing crystal, and some, like the eyes of a cat or a tiger, known as crystal opal or crystal tiger eye stone. Crystal containing gas, fluid inclusions more the interesting. There are shapes of cufflinks like water droplets, screw thread, Chinese knots and other shapes. Was measured by liquid water in the crystal is heavy water. Containing a crystal of the liquid water inclusions, commonly known as "water tank Crystal". Is considered to be a rare treasure.
Collection in the Geological Museum of China in Beijing, the fist big water tank crystal, there are about 3 cm in diameter water tank. Water tank crystal water, bold as well, is the carving of precious materials. The crystal can be divided into the following: White Crystal pure crystal is a transparent white crystal. Foreigners often like to do with it cheap jewelry, like earrings, rings and the like. Our people like to do the fan fall, stamps, paperweights. Carved Avalokitesvara, especially. Existing in the world's largest crystal ball in Washington DC to the Smithsonian Sunia Museum. German like crystal carved petals or leaves, carved and then frosted, set into earrings or pins, very beautiful. The patterns of the cufflinks also show much diversity, such as totem, flag, tai chi, steering wheel, fruit, cartoons, zodiac, constellations and other kinds of designs.

Many mens cufflinks are engraved with words or English letters on the surface

The mineral composition of the kaolinite family type high kaolinite, dickite, and pearl pottery stone; illite mineral composition of illite. According to geological survey data, Shoushan stone cufflinks trace elements: Sn, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr, Ni, Co., V, Ba, Ga and Sc, Nb,, Y, and of Be and so on. At least seven (Mo, Zn and Cu and Cr, Ni, Co., V) an essential trace element for the human body; a (Sn) as the candidate of the essential trace elements. The rest are natural cufflinks. Shoushan stone cufflinks crystal texture, the condensate greasy, moist, translucent, colorful, hard and soft moderate, "fine, condensate, greasy, Run, Spirit, through six German Qi both; its crystalline state is a collection of aphanitic was fine-grained structure, microstructure scales varying crystal structure, variable I tuff structure and so on. Mohs hardness: pyrophyllite type of 1.0 to 2.5 degrees, kaolinite family type from 2.5 to 3.5 degrees, illite for 2 to 3 degrees.
Density: pyrophyllite, 2.80 ~ 2.85 and 2.55 ~ 2.65, kaolinite family type illite-type 2.7 to 2.80. Stone rich in color, red, yellow, green, orange, purple, brown, brown, black, white, white, purple, brown and yellow, dark purple, colorless, transparent, color towards the concentration of deep light unpredictable, often based on various colors. Significant waxy luster, earthy luster, a small oil sheen. Most opaque to slightly transparent, individual nearly transparent. Thus, we should see clearly to distinguish the quality of the cufflinks. Often has dense block structure and brecciated stripe pattern-like structure, as well as special flocculent, stripe-like structure, such as commonly known as the "carrot-pattern". The higher toughness, suitable for carving.
The English name of black agate black onyx. Contains more organic matter in the main Yin Manao cause. Black agate of the entire rare in nature, mostly due to the uneven organic matter content showing different shades of strip. Black onyx cufflinks sold on the market is artificially colored product, or to act as other stone. Then is the pattern on the cufflinks. Black onyx cufflinks symbol of perseverance. We use the sentence in the Bible to interpret these dark beautiful stone - love is strong as death, the silence beyond all the hold on. People who do not use the energy of the black onyx cufflinks legend, remove the impurities of the gas field, and then effectively inspire its own charm, wearing a black onyx cufflinks with extraordinary beauty and wisdom, and do not necessarily have a natural affinity with the good karma However, inherent in his character, "angular" is a lethal temptation.
Black with a stable, dignified, yet have that classic, glamor, elegance, mystery, the representative of the characteristics of low-key, subtle and restrained. Black is also a strong voice, the combination of a powerful force, so that no one can resist. Black represents the restrained behind the insolent; resistance out of the desire to control; tried rendering and minimalist; all kinds of opposition can be a complex multi-light refracted through the black to form the perfect can not be replaced. The identification of the gemstone cufflinks can generally be divided into rough and finished two categories. Many mens cufflinks are engraved with words or English letters on the surface.
For the identification of the original stone, but also can be divided into the field identification and interior identification. The majority of the field identification using simple tools like a magnifying glass and a knife for the initial naming mineral gemstone cufflinks. Indoor identification is the use of various means and instruments, further determination of the gemstone cufflinks mineral data, providing an important basis for the identification of gemstone cufflinks. Gemstone cufflinks finished product identification, must be the premise does not destroy the integrity of the gemstone cufflinks go on to identify the gems of cufflinks. No doubt it is important to know the meaning of the cufflinks.

The dignity of the cufflinksis not necessarily reflected as domineerings

Emerald cufflinks, crystal structure, six silicon-oxygen tetrahedron composed of six-party ring, and superposition into a hexagonal columnar body, the tube containing alkaline ions such as D +, of Na + and Cs + and other water molecules, water molecules H-O extension direction parallel to the hexagonal prism, known as type Ⅰ water, known as type Ⅱ water when the oxygen in the water molecule by the alkali metal ions attract HOH prism angle intersect (Figure 10-3-2). The dignity of the cufflinksis not necessarily reflected as domineering and showing off.
    Emerald cufflinks were emerald green, slightly yellow or blue colors, soft colors and bright. Origin such as Brazil's ancestral piano green sometimes pale green. Beryl in light green, yellow and green or dark green varieties color caused by the divalent iron, known as beryl, instead of emerald cufflinks. On the contrary, the more the charm bloomed from details, the more the cufflinks can attract people’s attention. Emerald cufflinks chrome color caused by precious stones, usually containing chromium or chromium absorption peak line as the distinction between the standards of beryl and emerald cufflinks. Most ancestral piano green fluorescence under ultraviolet light, sometimes pink, green fluorescence, Colombia the deed Wall Mine and Hamza mine emerald cufflinks can be displayed red fluorescence, and the long-wave UV light seems to short-wave ultraviolet light is more obvious.
      Most of the emerald cufflinks glare in Charles filters, pink or dark red, often has a strong red of the Colombian emerald cufflinks, India and South Africa's emerald cufflinks green, which is due to Fe, V impurities such as ingredients inhibit the fluorescence. Red Zone 683,686 nm absorption line, 662,646 nm, two weak lines, the yellow zone, 620,580 nm, a yarn absorption band Purple Zone total absorption. The fine gem cufflinks is equivalent to the romantic bearing of a gentleman. Second, the occurrence of emerald cufflinks and origin characteristics. The vast majority of the world's emerald cufflinks deposits occur in the schist, is the result of the acidic granite or granite-pegmatite intrusive ultrabasic metamorphic rocks, emerald cufflinks prolific magma late hydrothermal wall rock inside and outside the contact zone. Russia, India, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Australia, Brazil, Austria, Pakistan, Zambia, are of this type.
    Origin and characteristics of emerald cufflinks; Colombia mine in the Andes east of mainly in Beyaca and Cundinamara province and the capital of Bogata and Cundinamara, province and the capital of Bogata north region. Which wooden Zuo (Mnzo,,) mining and the Qi Woer (Chiuor) Mine is the most famous mining area. Emerald cufflinks produced from hydrothermal veins, often mine cystic output. When it comes to the selection of mens cufflinks, you can not be too wrong. Crystal blue-green, usually show a hexagonal prism and a small hexagonal cone, but crystals often by the late geological broken, and due to weathering from the parent rocks scattered in the bags of ore.
    The relative density of Qi Woer emerald cufflinks 2.69, refractive index is 1.571-1.577, birefringence was 0.006, Charles filters, strong red, red fluorescence under ultraviolet light. Most of the emerald cufflinks with crystal intact pyrite crystals and three-phase inclusions (Figure 10-3-3). Color is bluish green, with a soft appearance, the relative density of than Qi Woer emerald cufflinks, 2.71, refractive index 1.584-1.578, birefringence 0.006, containing three-phase inclusions, inclusions shape often has forked or jagged, wrapped in solid daughter crystals often with caudate. The cufflinks are the projection of the inner world of a man.  Wood Junior emerald cufflinks without pyrite crystals, visible rare, brown rhombic crystals fluorocarbon calcium cerium ore (Figure 10-3-4).

Cufflinks Intermediate and low-level cufflinks three levels

Cufflinks frequency the higher the better, its frequency is the number of ferry per hour swing, the frequency of 18,000 times less than for the low-frequency table (slow swing), 21 600 times more than the high-frequency table fast swing table the higher the frequency, the more accurate travel time. Variety of mechanical watches have a common table, calendar, and automatic table and mechanical calendar automatic watch, add a calendar device or automatic device on the basis of the mechanical watch. Su Mei said, now more and more professional women commence to wear cufflinks, let alone the men. And showed only a single calendar date; also showing double calendar and calendar week calendar and even calendar.
The automatic watch is the automatic hammer to rely on the arm movement to drive the printer, so that the automatic device active volume wound, thereby giving impetus to the travel time. Automatic watch is fully automatic and semi-automatic table movement can be to any direction winding, semi-automatic only a single direction in order to wind it. The latter has now been eliminated, not production, so the new automatic table are automatic table. No doubts that the cufflinks of the front-line brands are excellent in quality but expensive. The mechanical watches are divided into senior cufflinks, cufflinks Intermediate and low-level cufflinks three levels. These three levels is classified according to the mechanical cufflinks mechanical structure and performance characteristics.
Senior cufflinks. It to bimetallic opening balance wheel or alloy material balance wheel; screws on the balance wheel of not less than 16; more than 17 diamond components; double springs, the material very little temperature coefficient; with "three anti- (waterproof, shockproof, antimagnetic) performance; day and night travel time error is plus or minus 30 to 5LS; under normal conditions, the service life of more than 30 years. While a large part of the cufflinks on the market is prone to be poor imitations.  Intermediate cufflinks. Alloy wheel, screw balance wheel, more than 10; more than 15 diamond components; flat springs; shockproof, antimagnetic devices; day and night travel time error of plus or minus 45 ~~ 60s, under normal circumstances, the useful life more than 15 years.
Low-level cufflinks. The copper alloy for the balance wheel; screws; diamond components in the following seven (some non-diamond); "three", a day and night travel time error of about plus or minus 80s, the useful life of more than 2 years. Check whether the automatic swing. The method is: stop and go relax winding table gently in his hand, and slowly on the bar while watching the second hand, second hand should be followed by rotation in the beginning of a winding, otherwise do not meet the standards. When traveling abroad, Su Mei in foreign markets caught the eye of the mens cufflinks. Check the sound of the table in a variety of locations. After the winding of the last few laps, the surface facing up, down, handle head-on, down, toward the left and to the right, listen in each position of the frequency of the beat should be basically the same on the full winding, the sound should be crisp without a murmur.

The cufflinkscan show the personalities of the receivers

Casting. Based on the the smelting same token, the casting difficulty is greater than the general austenitic and ferritic steels, and more difficult than smelting. In addition, due to the two-phase structure, in casting, but also to take effective measures to avoid more prone than austenitic steel casting crack two-phase solidification difference is due to stomatal plus nitrogen reasons. Thermal deformation processing. The cufflinkscan show the personalities of the receivers.  The dual-phase steel has a two-phase structure to the thermal deformation processing difficulty is much larger than the austenitic stainless steel cufflinks. Cold deformation processing. Cold deformation processing difficulty of the dual-phase steel is much larger than the austenitic stainless steel cufflinks.
Machining. On commonly used engineering materials, does not exist in the greater difficulty of processing, and dual-phase steel is no exception. The women are also the customers of the cufflinks. Heat treatment. Heat Treatment of Duplex Stainless Steel performance there are some special effects. different heat treatment parameters, get a different proportion of a direct impact on the steel properties steel through heat treatment, can change the allocation of processing elements, to improve or even eliminate the adverse effects of the secondary phase to bring the process, thus affecting the final mechanical properties and corrosion resistance can thermal processes cause the steel to produce new secondary phase would lead to a redistribution of elements in each phase. Therefore, the deterioration of inappropriate heat treatment makes the performance of the steel
The first main reason to limit the application of dual-phase steel is welded, the project is often inevitable welding process. I always feel that women wearing cufflinks are particularly valiant and heroic. Difficulty welding of duplex steel in its welded joints still get the same or similar with the base metal two-phase structure, which is the welded joints with the same parent material properties (including mechanical properties and corrosion resistance), the key lies. The welded joints are talking about here, including the weld fusion zone, heat affected zone (HTHAZ) and low-temperature heat affected zone (LTHAZ). The weld fusion zone. The two-phase structure of the region is relatively easy to control by selecting the appropriate welding materials can do.
High temperature heat affected zone. It is about 1250 ℃ melting point of the temperature characteristics of the area. This region is very narrow, but it is a region of the hardest to control its phase structure. Because the composition of the base metal can not because of excessive austenite forming elements, the temperature characteristics of the region and its high temperature ferrite part not to austenite transformation during the cooling process. My wife often wear cufflinks.  Larger amount of welding line, the weld cooling rate, the time high temperature ferrite to austenite transformation, and thus the magnitude and angle Tissue Equalization.
Low-temperature heat affected zone. Enough to cause lower temperatures in the region, the basic phase change, but may occur secondary phase generation. Therefore, the appropriate amount of weld lines and control the temperature between layers is the primary means to prevent the deterioration of the performance of low-temperature heat-affected zone. It is worth mentioning, duplex steel is generally not carried out the post weld heat treatment. Speaking of the cufflinks businessmen, they should say thanks to Huang.  The advantages of duplex stainless steel cufflinks, weldability both austenitic steels and ferritic steels, and reduce their respective inadequacies.